In a groundbreaking study, scientists have discovered that the manipulation of quantum materials through deformation can significantly enhance their properties. Quantum materials, such as strontium titanate, possess unique properties that can only be explained by the principles of quantum mechanics. These materials display intriguing superconducting and ferroelectric characteristics which can be enhanced through deformation.
Superconductivity refers to the complete absence of electrical resistance and the expulsion of magnetic fields. On the other hand, ferroelectricity involves spontaneous electric polarization that can be reversed by an electric field. The study found that when strontium titanate, a perovskite oxide, is subjected to plastic deformation, it exhibits a remarkable increase in its superconductivity.
Plastic deformation is a process that permanently alters a material’s shape without causing fractures or cracks. This method has been identified as a promising avenue to modify and create quantum materials and phenomena. This will enable scientists to discover new electronic properties and materials that could be beneficial in various applications, including electronics and computers.
The research also underscored the importance of advanced neutron and X-ray scattering probes in understanding the complex structures of quantum materials. These tools are critical in creating real-space models of the recurring dislocation structures that result in enhanced electronic properties. Furthermore, Raman scattering revealed the presence of local ferroelectric order in the deformed system.
These experimental findings were supplemented by theoretical insights into the possible microscopic origins of the observed phenomena. The study thus demonstrates the potential of plastic deformation and dislocation engineering as tools to manipulate the electronic properties of quantum materials. It also highlights the power of a collaborative scientific approach that combines experimental probes and theoretical insights.
Materials initially deform elastically when subjected to mechanical stress, returning to their original state once the stress is removed. Plastic deformation, however, strains a material beyond this elastic limit, creating extended dislocation defects and large-scale dislocation structures. While scientists have extensively used elastic deformation to study and manipulate quantum materials, the effects of plastic deformation have not been fully explored until now.
The research was primarily funded by the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences, and Engineering Division. The study utilized resources at the Spallation Neutron Source and the Advanced Photon Source, both of which are DOE Office of Science user facilities.
The Raman scattering work was conducted at Peking University and sponsored by the National Science Foundation of China. A team member was supported by the Croatian Science Foundation during the finalization of the manuscript. The research also utilized facilities at the Minnesota Nano Center, supported by the National Science Foundation.
This study not only opens up new possibilities in the field of quantum materials but also holds promise for the development of advanced electronics and computer technologies. The enhancement of superconducting and ferroelectric properties could lead to significant advancements in programming languages and coding, potentially revolutionizing the electronics industry.